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For the last 10 years we have been following the evolution of network sharing in the telecom industry. This fifth edition continues our study of how companies in the sector use network sharing to save costs and rationalise services. For this edition, the CMS Network Sharing Study not only gathers all factual information about 76 network sharing deals that have been closed from May 2021 in 46 different jurisdictions worldwide, and the differences among them: it also includes interviews with some of the main actors, such as American Tower, Macquarie Capital and Totem Towers, as well as papers from experts regarding topics such as tele­com­mu­nic­a­tions network financing, foreign direct investment, competition Law, 5G, towers and fibre. As a testament to the creativity of the industry, network sharing has slowly shifted.  Sharing through agreements have given place -in some cases- to sharing through incorporated companies.  B-lateral deals do still exist but neutral host networks, serving all operators in the market, are now the main protagonists through which networks are effectively shared by multiple operators. The digital revolution during the last 20 years has required and is still requiring vast investment in access networks including optical fibre, towers and other assets (now satellites): this comes at a cost.  In some cases the traditional telcos couldn’t monetise their investments (perhaps due, in Europe, to excessive regulation). As a result, indebted companies were in need to sell and/or share their infrastructures, sometimes to investment funds that had no ambition to compete in the provision of services and created independent NetCos  offering wholesale services - the US towers market being one example, with 90% of towers controlled by independent TowerCos while in Europe we have seen FibreCos coming to shake up the FTTH build. The time when each operator owned (and financed) the network it used has long passed. Competition in services remains, but now competition in infrastructures (in parallel with competition between different infrastructures) may be the next future. Globalisation has also arrived in network sharing, with growing protagonism in Latin America (the topic of special focus in the Study) and Africa as well as South-East Asia.  South America has seen a large amount of activity and the 5th edition of the study is doing a spotlight on the deals seen in the region. Interestingly, the existence of network slicing in 5G could give the lead again to telecom operators, as it will allow them to create virtual networks, to be offered either to smaller operators or to companies wanting to have their own independent, private and dedicated slice of a network, in a cloud-style net­work-as-a-ser­vice new pattern. The rise of satellite services in the coming years will also create the need for an enhanced spectrum sharing. Satellite will also be a growing infrastructure competing with towers and other access networks. So whilst we reflect on changes and trends since the last few years, our eyes are also turned towards the future and how the industry will adapt and find news ways to share.

In October 2019, in the wake of a number of whistleblower revelations (especially the industrial-scale tax avoidance schemes revealed in the LuxLeaks scandal), the European Union adopted the Whis­tleblower...

This article is an extract from the European M&A Outlook 2025. For the full report, please fill in the form here. New EU legislation mandates stricter due diligence and liability assessments in M&A, particularly for AI systems. Compliance is likely to heavily influence transaction structuring, valuations and demand for insurance coverage. Over the past couple of years we have seen the role of artificial intelligence (AI) becoming increasingly significant in M&A transactions. The primary objectives in traditional M&A include achieving economies of scale, synergising operations and diversifying products or services. Technology, media & telecoms (TMT) M&A transactions add an additional layer: the acquisition of specific intangible assets such as intellectual property, data and innovative technologies, including AI. In addition to the increase in the number of acquisitions of AI companies, AI has also become increasingly important as a tool in M&A transactions. Many players within the M&A world experiment with or use AI tools, including generative AI (GenAI), to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of due diligence or provide assistance during the review and negotiation of transaction documents. The increasing significance of AI is further underlined by the entry into force of the European Union’s AI Act in August 2024 and its gradual applicability from February 2025. This establishes a regulatory framework for providers (including product manufacturers), users, distributors and importers of AI systems and is expected to boost investor confidence. Reflections and projections Recent examples of AI-driven deals in the TMT sector in 2023 include BioNTech’s acquisition of InstaDeep, a UK-based AI company, for GBP 562m and Amazon’s acquisition of Estonia-based Snackable AI, an audio content discovery engine. Another transaction that underscores the vitality of the TMT sector is Microsoft’s strategic move to invest USD 16m in Mistral AI. These acquisitions and investments illustrate the development of AI capabilities and the ongoing interest and confidence in AI technologies. TMT is expected to remain one of the leading sectors for deal activity in Europe, despite a decline in aggregate deal value in 2023 due to lower valuations and higher financing costs. Its resilience reflects the continued demand for technology solutions and innovation across industries, as well as the expansion in digital markets. Subsectors such as soft­ware-as-a-ser­vice, cybersecurity, AI and cloud computing will offer high- growth potential and recurring revenue streams for PE investors. In addition, AI tools are likely to boost TMT transactions in the coming years, as companies seek to acquire or develop AI capabilities to enhance their products, services and processes and to gain a competitive edge in the evolving digital landscape.