State aid

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State aid is one of the fastest-changing areas of law. Given the current economic and geopolitical situation, past crises and green transformation of the economy, the EU and its Member States along with many other governments outside the bloc have introduced far-reaching state aid schemes and guidelines. 

We advise both public bodies and private and state-owned companies on all aspects of state aid rules in the EU and in all other countries which have also introduced legal regimes to control subsidies (including the UK post-Brexit). 

State aid – our services 

We help businesses to get the most out of state aid in their discussions with State authorities and represent their interests in all State aid proceedings at the EU Commission, national authorities, EU and national Courts. We provide advice to public authorities on all levels (federal governments, regions, municipalities) on their public investments (capital injections, public loans, guarantees, land sales etc.), decisions to grant individual aid and the setting up of State aid schemes and we assist them – often also in the interests of our private clients – in notifications to the European Commission. We have advised several governments in Europe on the set-up of far-reaching State aid schemes with a multi-billion Euro total budget and/or supportive measures based on these programmes and on support in individual cases (e.g., rescue and restructuring aid).

We advise private companies on designing their state aid strategies, e.g. relating to green transformation of the economy or state-funded initiatives to make the economy more resilient (e.g. the EU’s Chips Act, gas and energy supply). We are also familiar with the specific requirements of the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). 

Foreign subsidies control

The foreign subsidies control system sees the EU extending state aid scrutiny to subsidies that are or have been granted to companies by third-country governments. The regulation aims to eliminate distortions of competition caused by third countries granting subsidies to companies that operate in the EU’s single market. It establishes a general framework that allows the Commission to investigate third-country subsidies when they affect economic activities in the single market. The aim is to ensure fair competition between all the companies operating in the single market. We help companies to prepare for the new regulation and assess the associated business risks. 

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17/04/2024
Update - The new EU rules for digital markets go live!
The European Union's Digital Strategy aims to regulate the digital economy. And the new rules are now coming to life. CMS is pleased to invite you to our EU Digital Regulation and Antitrust Briefing in the CMS Representative Office in Mountain View on Tuesday, April 16 at 5:00 pm PST with our special guest: Andreas Schwab, Member of the European Parliament, and specialist in antitrust, digital regulation and AI. We will discuss everything you need to know about the new EU rules for digital markets: Digital Gatekeepers must comply with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) since March 7, and the Digital Services Act (DSA) is fully in force since February. The groundbreaking EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) has been agreed and will soon come into force. And there is much more.
08/04/2024
EU Commission enforces obligation to provide correct and complete information...
EU merger control law provides for an obligation of the parties to provide correct and complete information in merger control proceedings. This obligation has a very high relevance for the European Commission...
03/04/2024
CMS advises CTS Eventim on planned acquisition of ticketing and festival...
Hamburg – MDAX-listed CTS Eventim AG & Co. KGaA, the number one provider of ticketing services in Europe and number two in the world, has today entered into a put option agreement with companies in the listed French media group Vivendi. This grants Vivendi the right to sell to CTS Eventim all the shares in the companies that are part of its festival and international ticketing activities. Vivendi will now conduct a consultation procedure with the relevant employee representative bodies so that it can decide on accepting the put option. Vivendi’s ticketing business includes See Tickets UK, the second-biggest ticketing firm in England, along with other companies in Europe and the US. These companies sold a total of around 44 million tickets in the 2023 financial year. The deal does not include the shares in Vivendi’s French ticketing company, See Tickets SAS. The festival business operated by Vivendi includes companies from England and France that organise festivals such as Junction 2 and Garorock. CMS advised CTS Eventim on all aspects of the transaction. The team headed by Henrik Drinkuth worked closely with several CMS offices in countries including France, England, Spain, Switzerland and the Netherlands. CMS Germany Dr Henrik Drinkuth, Lead Partner Dr Hendrik Quast, Senior Associate, both Corporate/M&A Prof. Malte Grützmacher, Partner, IT/Data Pro­tec­tion Chris­toff Soltau, Part­ner Al­ex­an­der Laute, Senior Associate, both Competition Dr Martin Gerecke, Partner, Media Law CMS France Alexandra Rohmert Vincent Desbenoit Dylan Allali, all Corporate/M&A Claire Van­nini  Guil­laume Melot, both Competition CMS UK John Enser, TMT Nick Crosbie  Jade Tran  Maria Doran, all Corporate/M&A CMS Spain Luis Miguel De Dios Jorge Peris Hevia, both Corporate/M&A and Commercial CMS Portugal Miguel Santos Ferreira, Corporate/M&A and Commercial CMS Switzerland Stefan Brunnsch­weiler An­drea Relly Anna Mast, all Corporate/M&A CMS Netherlands Elmer Veenman Bob Barnhoorn, both Corporate/M&A and CommercialPress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
02/04/2024
CMS advises Main Street Capital Corporation on the acquisition of Maass...
Ham­burg/Stut­tgart – Main Street Capital Corporation, a publicly traded financial investor based in Houston, Texas, has acquired Maass Global Group through one of its portfolio companies, Gulf Manufacturing, LLC. The Essen-based company is a global leader in the manufacture and sale of flanges and forged specialty products, forged steel bars, seamless tubes and fittings made of duplex, stainless steel and high-nickel alloys. In addition to its headquarters in Essen, the Maas Global Group has further locations in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, India, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.A CMS team led by Dr. Eckart Gottschalk and Dr. Kai Wallisch provided comprehensive legal advice to Main Street Capital Corporation on this transaction. In addition to corporate law advice, the focus was on the legal implementation of the financing. As part of the transaction, CMS Germany worked closely with CMS law firms from the Netherlands, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates as well as the American law firm Locke Lord and AZB & Partners from India. Main Street Capital Corporation is a publicly traded investment company with a market capitalization of approximately USD 3.9 billion. It specializes in long-term financing of middle-market companies in various industries through management buyouts, re­cap­it­al­iz­a­tions, growth financing and acquisitions. With the investment to acquire Maas Global Group, Main Street Capital Corporation is deepening its existing investment in the manufacturing of flanges, fittings and other specialty products for industrial applications. CMS Germany Dr. Eckart Gottschalk, Lead Partner Dr. Kai Wallisch, Lead Partner Dr. Paul Kintrup, Senior As­so­ci­ate Mil­itsa Decheva Petrova, Senior Associate Dr. Alexander Weinhold, Senior As­so­ci­ate Tjorben Drawe, Associate Sonja Schanze, As­so­ci­ate Kath­rin Dengel, Associate, all Corporate/M&A Dr. Marc Seibold, Partner Anne Waßmuth, Counsel Carla Kaeber, Associate, all Banking & Finance Dr. Hans Fabian Kiderlen, Principal Counsel Theresa Friedle, Associate, both Real Estate & Public Dr. Michael Kraus, Partner Thomas Fröhlich, Counsel, both TMC Dr. Jacob Hinze, Counsel, Employment Law Dr. Martin Mohr, Partner, Tax Christoff Henrik Soltau, Partner Dr. Robert Bodewig, Senior Associate, both Antitrust, Competition & Trade Kai Neuhaus, Partner Moritz Pottek, Counsel, both Brussel EU Law Office CMS Netherlands Roman Tarlavski, Partner Maarten Feenstra, Associate Fleur Assendelft de Coningh, Associate Anne Fleur Krijthe, Candidate civil law notary CMS Singapore Toby Grainger, Partner Leslie Tay, Associate CMS UAE Patrik Daintry, Partner Fawzi Oueidat, Associate Locke Lord Greg Heath, Partner Nicholas Jennings, Partner Jason Ulezalka, Partner Case Towslee, Associate Jake Chagoury, Associate Mason Marek, Associate AZB & Partners Srinath Dasari, Senior Partner Gautam Rego, Partner Yash Anand, Associate Gopika Menon, AssociatePress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
26/03/2024
CMS advises SEFE on all aspects of acquiring WIGA Group
Hamburg – SEFE Securing Energy for Europe GmbH (SEFE) has acquired all the shares in WIGA Transport Beteili­gungs-GmbH & Co. KG (WIGA) from its co-shareholder Wintershall Dea AG. The transaction is currently awaiting approval from the competition authorities. SEFE is wholly owned by the Federal Republic of Germany. WIGA owns regulated gas pipeline operators GASCADE Gastransport GmbH and NEL Gastransport GmbH, who operate one of the largest high-pressure gas networks in Germany with a combined length of around 4,150 kilometres. These networks have a key role to play in European energy security and the green energy transformation. The transaction will strengthen SEFE in its role of ensuring secure and reliable energy supply in Germany and Europe, as well as boosting its hydrogen ex­pert­ise.“With the full acquisition of WIGA as sole shareholder, we are strategically strengthening SEFE as an independent and autonomous midstream company,” commented Reinhard Gorenflos, Chairman of the SEFE Supervisory Board.“SEFE being the sole shareholder of WIGA will ensure that GASCADE can convert the existing high-performance infrastructure to hydrogen in the future. In this way, we can help drive forward the green energy transformation. Transportation infrastructure is a pivotal part of the future hydrogen value chain,” said Dr Egbert Laege, CEO of SEFE. “The two WIGA subsidiaries, GASCADE and NEL, will continue to operate independently and market their capacity in a transparent and non-dis­crim­in­at­ory manner.”SEFE CFO Dr Christian Ohlms highlighted the importance of WIGA with regard to the privatisation of SEFE, which is due to take place by the end of 2028: “With this transaction, which is expected to complete by summer 2024, we are strengthening SEFE’s asset base. Our aim is to continue the long-term development of SEFE on a stable financial footing.”A multinational CMS team headed by Hamburg-based partner Dr Holger Kraft advised SEFE on all aspects of acquiring WIGA. In addition to extensive due diligence on the entire WIGA Group, including GASCADE and NEL, which are regulated under energy law, this work covered negotiation of the share purchase agreement and separate agreements with the shareholders of Wintershall Dea AG. Alongside negotiating the transaction agreements, the advice focused on safeguarding the transaction through several W&I insurance agreements, including negotiating the policies, and handling regulatory issues relating to gas network operation and other public-law matters. CMS Germany worked closely with the CMS law firms in the UK and Luxembourg, and with US law firm Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP. CMS previously advised the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action in 2022 and 2023 around their trusteeship over SEFE and its subsequent nationalisation by way of corporate actions. The instructions for this transaction followed on from that successful cooperation. About SEFE:As an integrated midstream energy company headquartered in Berlin, SEFE Securing Energy for Europe ensures the security of energy supply in Germany and Europe and is driving the green energy transformation. SEFE is active in trading & portfolio management, sales, transportation and storage of energy and has its strongest presence in Germany and the UK. SEFE employs around 1,500 people and supplies over 50,000 customers, in particular industrial customers and municipal utilities in Germany and seven other European markets. With a sales volume of around 200 TWh of power and gas, SEFE plays a central role in stability of the energy supply in Germany and Europe. SEFE is owned by the Federal Government of Germany. CMS Germany Dr Holger Kraft, Lead Partner Dr Jan Schepke, Partner Matthias Sethmann, Principal Counsel Dr Dirk Baukholt, Principal Coun­sel Char­lotte von der Heydt-von Kalckreuth, Counsel Dr Stefan Kühl, Senior Associate Dr Paul Kintrup, Senior Associate, all Corporate/M&A Dr Rolf Hempel, Partner Dr Friedrich von Burchard, Partner Nicole Köppen, Senior Associate, all Regulatory Dr Hermann Müller, Partner Dr Arno Görlitz, Associate, both Public Commercial Law Dr Martin Mohr, Partner Dr Olaf Thießen, Principal Counsel, both Tax Dr Alexandra Schluck-Amend, Partner Manuel Nann, Senior As­so­ci­ate Pit-Jo­hannes Wagner, Associate, all Restructuring Dr Andreas Hofelich, Partner Dr Mario Brungs, Counsel Dr Lena Pingen, Associate, all Em­ploy­ment/Pen­sions Dr Fritz von Hammerstein, Partner Jan Gröschel, Senior Associate Heike Weyer, Senior Associate, all Public Law Dr Stefan Voß, Partner Tamara Bux, Associate, both Real Estate Dr Sebastian Cording, Partner Martin Krause, Partner Dr Shaya Stender, Associate Joel Coché, Associate, all Commercial Dr Julia Runge, Principal Counsel, Finance Dr Michael Bauer, Part­ner Chris­toff Henrik Soltau, Partner Dr Robert Bodewig, Senior Associate Luisa Thomasberger, Associate, all Antitrust, Competition & Trade CMS UK Russel Hoare, Partner Sam De Silva, Part­ner Jean-Fran­cois Willems, Of Counsel Jennifer Louch, Senior As­so­ci­ate Max­imili­an Weaver, Senior Associate Louisa Mottaz, Associate CMS Luxembourg Angelique Eguether, Senior As­so­ci­ate Guil­laume Flagollet, Managing Associate Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (USA) Mollie D. Sitkowski Inhouse at SEFE Securing Energy for Europe GmbH Dr Jörg Kammerer Jörn RimkePress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
26/03/2024
CMS advises sellers of Cardior Pharmaceuticals on potential acquisition...
Munich – CMS advises the sellers of Cardior Pharmaceuticals in the potential acquisition of the company by Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk has agreed to acquire Cardior for up to 1.025 billion Euros, including an upfront payment and additional payments if certain development and commercial milestones are achieved. The agreement includes Cardior’s lead compound CDR132L, currently in phase 2 clinical development for the treatment of heart failure. The closing of the acquisition is subject to receipt of applicable regulatory approvals and other customary conditions. It is expected to happen in the second quarter of 2024.A CMS team headed by Lead Partners Stefan-Ulrich Müller, Dr Tilman Weichert and Jörg Schrade advised the sellers of Cardior Pharmaceuticals on all legal aspects of the transaction. Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH, based in Hannover, Germany, is a leading clinical-stage bio­phar­ma­ceut­ic­al company pioneering the discovery and development of RNA-based therapeutics designed to prevent, repair and reverse diseases of the heart. The company’s therapeutic approach uses distinctive non-coding RNAs as an innovative platform for addressing the root causes of cardiac dysfunctions. CMS Germany Stefan-Ulrich Müller, Lead Partner Dr Tilman Weichert, Lead Partner Dr Michael Wangemann, Partner Dr Kai Wallisch, Partner Dr Thomas Mühl, Principal Coun­sel Se­basti­an Hummel, Senior As­so­ci­ate Vikt­or­ia Barthel, Senior As­so­ci­ate Mar­i­elouise Emmer, Senior Associate Dr Carl-Friedrich Thoma, Senior Associate Dr Stefan Kühl, Senior Associate Dr Alexander Weinhold, Senior Associate Maria Kucher, Associate Jonas Ohmann, Associate Dr Josephine Doll, Associate Dr Christian Seeburger, Associate Sonja Schanze, Associate, all Corporate/M&A Dr Marie-Luisa Loheide, Associate, Private Clients Jörg Schrade, Lead Partner Eduard Kosavtsev, Senior Associate, both Tax Stefan Lehr, Partner, Antitrust, Competition & Trade Stefan Lüft, Partner, IP Dr Benedikt Forschner, Partner, Labor, Employment & Pensions Dr Markus Kaulartz, Partner Dr Fiona Savary, Counsel Dr Felix Glocker, Senior Associate, all TMC Dr Tilman Niedermaier, Partner Susanne Schwalb, Partner, both Dispute ResolutionPress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
25/03/2024
CMS advises on project financing for land-based terminal in Stade
Hamburg – Hanseatic Energy Hub GmbH (HEH) has achieved financial close for the project financing to develop and realise the planned terminal for liquefied gases in Stade. Total investment is some EUR 1.6 billion. Achieving financial close represents a major milestone for Hanseatic Energy Hub GmbH’s land-based terminal.A multi-dis­cip­lin­ary and multi-location CMS team headed by Dr Hilke Herchen and Dr Holger Kraft advised Hanseatic Energy Hub GmbH on developing the project and on preparations to secure the project financing. This included corporate law advice with a particular focus on developing and optimising corporate governance, and on the associated links to the project financing. This advice marks a continuation of the existing close cooperation between HEH and CMS. The CMS team has been providing advice on an ongoing basis since the start of the project, with support for project development around corporate, operation & maintenance and real estate matters in particular. This has included advising on various shareholders joining the project, with a recent example being Enagás S.A. as industrial partner in June 2023. The CMS team conducted a comprehensive due diligence check to put the project financing on a solid footing. The first expansion phase of the project will see an emission-free terminal begin operating in 2027. Its infrastructure is also approved for bio-LNG and synthetic natural gas (SNG). At a later stage, the project will be switched over to hydrogen-based energy carriers such as ammonia. The planned regasification capacity is 13.3 billion cubic metres per year and the send-out capacity is 21.7 gigawatt. From March 2024 until the onshore terminal becomes operational, Hanseatic Energy Hub GmbH will also accommodate one of the five FSRUs (Floating Storage and Regasification Units) chartered by the German federal government. CMS Germany Dr Hilke Herchen, Lead Partner Dr Holger Kraft, Lead Partner Matthias Sethmann, Principal Counsel Dr Luise Pelzer, Counsel Dr Stefan Kühl, Senior Associate Dr Carl-Friedrich Thoma, Senior Associate Dr Josephine Doll, As­so­ci­ate Domin­ic Zimmer, Associate Dr Christian Seeburger, Associate, all Corporate/M&A Dr Fritz von Hammerstein, Partner Katja Meisel, Senior Associate Jan Gröschel, Senior Associate, all Per­mit­ting Mar­tin Krause, Partner Dr Sebastian Orthmann, Partner Dr Hans Fabian Kiderlen, Principal Coun­sel Chris­toph­er Schmeckel, Senior Associate Wiebke Westermann, Associate, all Real Estate Dr Friedrich von Burchard, Partner, Energy & Climate Change Dorothée Janzen, Part­ner  Chris­toph Zarth, Partner Robin Azinovic, Associate, all Commercial Dr Kerstin Block, Partner, Banking & Finance  Dr Martin Mohr, Partner Dr Olaf Thießen, Principal Counsel, both Tax Dr Sebastian Cording, Partner Dr Anna Lena Füllsack, Senior Associate, both TMC Dr Michael Bauer, Partner Luisa Thomasberger, Associate, both Antitrust, Competition & Trade Dr Philipp Nonnenmühlen, Counsel, Labor, Employment & Pensions Dr Martin Gerecke, Partner, IP Birgit Wagner, Legal Manager, Smart OperationsPress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
18/03/2024
E-learning | Competition law – basics
This e-learning course provides you with the basics of the main bans under competition law, highlights the various severe legal consequences of competition law violations and provides recommendations on what to do in the event of searches by competition authorities.
18/03/2024
E-learning | Contact with competitors – basic competition law rules
Our e-learning course on dealing with competitors provides our clients with a sound basis for training their employees. This e-learning course guides through the correct conduct under competition law when in contact with competitors.
14/03/2024
CMS advises Encavis management board on EUR 2.8 billion takeover offer...
Ham­burg/Frank­furt – KKR has today announced a voluntary public takeover offer made to all the other shareholders of Encavis AG of EUR 17.50 per share in cash. This represents a transaction volume of around EUR 2.8 billion. Family-owned business Viessmann GmbH & Co. KG will participate as co-investor in the KKR-led consortium. The offeror has signed binding agreements with Abacon Capital GmbH and other major shareholders holding around 31% of the total share capital. These shareholders will continue to be long-term investors in the company indirectly through a stake in the offeror’s corporate structure. Encavis and the offeror have signed an investor agreement on the key points of the transaction. In line with the investor negotiations, the consortium will support the strategic ambitions of Encavis to accelerate growth. The offer document will be submitted by the offeror within the next two weeks for approval by the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). Completion of the transaction is subject to a minimum acceptance threshold and regulatory approvals, among other conditions. CMS advised Encavis on the investor agreement via a team headed by Dr Henrik Drinkuth and Ayleen Görisch, together with Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, and will advise the Encavis management board on all legal aspects of the takeover offer. The company is a longstanding CMS client. CMS Germany Dr Henrik Drinkuth, Partner Ayleen Görisch, Counsel, both Lead Dr Hendrik Quast, Senior Associate, all Corporate/M&A Christoff Soltau, Partner Kai Neuhaus, Partner Dr Robert Bodewig, Senior Associate David Rappenglück, Associate, all Antitrust, Competition & Trade Philipp Melzer, Partner Hatice Akyel, Counsel Patrick Damanik, Senior Associate, all Banking, Finance & Insurance Encavis Natalie Grüber (Head of Legal)Press Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
12/03/2024
Multi-billion incentive programme for climate-friendly industry launched:...
Berlin – The German government is aiming to make German industry carbon-neutral by 2045. In line with this commitment, on Tuesday, 12 March 2024 the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action launched the world’s first bidding process for a programme to fund climate action contracts. Based on carbon contracts for difference, these climate action contracts promote investment in climate-friendly production facilities that would not otherwise be economically viable at this point in time. The programme is primarily aimed at operators of emis­sion-in­tens­ive plants, such as in the steel, paper, chemicals, metal and glass industries. Climate action contracts provide an incentive to develop and build the required technologies and infrastructure in Germany now. This will not only avoid around 350 million tonnes of CO2 over the term of the funding programme up to 2045, but is also designed to kick-start the urgently needed market transformation while simultaneously setting new international standards for efficient, low-bureaucracy support. The climate action contracts are intended as both a key tool for climate change mitigation and to strengthen Germany as a country with a long history of industry and innovation. EUR 4 billion has been made available over a 15-year term for the initial bidding process that has now been opened. Companies that were successful in the preparatory phase in the summer of 2023 can apply to take part in the initial bidding process within the next four months. As Germany’s economics minister announced at today’s press conference, the second round of bidding will be conducted later in 2024, with EUR 19 billion available for this purpose. Two further rounds of bidding are scheduled for 2025.A CMS team headed by lead partner Dr Jürgen Frodermann advised the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action on all aspects of subsidy, state aid, contract and energy law with regard to the support programme. The advice related in particular to drafting a funding policy and associated climate action contracts to be concluded between the state and companies eligible for funding. The work also included support around the notification procedure to the European Commission. In view of the pioneering nature of the funding programme, the CMS team had to deal with legal issues arising in connection with the programme in both a European and a national context, while also ensuring close alignment with the defined technical and economic objectives. The support was provided through an in­ter­dis­cip­lin­ary consortium headed by lead project manager Jülich, together with VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik and Deloitte. CMS Germany Dr Jürgen Frodermann, Lead Partner Dr Nico Hannemann, Senior Associate Dr Nora Zabel, Counsel Björn Hopen, Associate Nina Becker, Associate, all Contract Law Shaghayegh Smousavi, Partner, Energy / Regulation Dr Jakob Steiff, Partner Dr André Lippert, Partner Dr Sven Brockhoff, Counsel Dr Annchristin Streuber, As­so­ci­ate Con­stan­ze Schweidtmann, Associate, all Public Law / Subsidy Law Dr Michael Bauer, Partner Louisa Thomasberger, Associate, both State Aid Dr Martin Friedberg, Partner, TaxPress Con­tact presse@cms-hs. com
12/03/2024
After EU Commission's first decision on Carbon Contracts for Difference,...
The European Commission approved the first Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD) scheme under the new Guidelines on State aid for climate, environmental protection and energy 2022 (CEEAG).Fol­low­ing the...