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FRAND in Motion

How German Courts and the UPC are Reshaping SEP Licensing Reality

Recent SEP/FRAND decisions show a clear shift: less formalism, more economic substance. Our recent series explores how German courts, particularly in Munich, and the UPC are reshaping willingness tests, valuation methods, security payments and the interaction with foreign FRAND proceedings.

Insights on FRAND in Motion

FRAND Willingness in Munich: Pay the Undisputed Amount - or Risk an Injunction

20 Apr 2026 18 min read

Beyond Hold-Out: Munich I’s New “Internal Willingness” Test

19 Mar 2026 12 min read

The (German) FRAND saga continues: The FCJ’s decision “FRAND III”

10 Mar 2026 8 min read

UK Rate Setting and German FRAND Proceedings

03 Mar 2026 10 min read

Aligning SEP Licensing with Accounting Reality

19 Feb 2026 6 min read

The Return of the Top-Down Approach: Judicial Estimates and the Economic Reality of SEPs

09 Feb 2026 7 min read

The valuation of SEPs – The Munich Regional Court’s view on how to determine a FRAND rate

13 Aug 2025 14 min read

Security deposits and (partial) payment of licence fees in SEP litigation before German and other Courts

04 Aug 2025 9 min read

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