5G regulation and law in Bulgaria

The largest mobile telecommunication companies have already deployed a national 5G network using dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) technology. 

Consumers do not have to pay additional costs if they want to benefit from the 5G network.

The largest operators have launched commercial 5G. For instance, Telenor Bulgaria demonstrated use cases for 4K media broadcast, VR cloud-based gaming, and VR industrial 5G simulation. In healthcare and entertainment, it demonstrated a 360-degree medical check-up and the first live 5G concert streaming. 

In Central and Eastern Europe, Bulgaria is seen as a leader in 5G availability and median download speeds. It now aims to provide uninterrupted 5G coverage in all urban areas and major land transport routes.

In April 2021, the Communications Regulation Commission awarded 20-year licences for 3.6 GHz spectrum to A1 Bulgaria, Bulgarian Telecommunications Company (Vivacom), and Yettel Bulgaria. 

Initially, the reserve price was set at BGN 4m (EUR 1 = BGN 1.95583). The three participants paid a combined BGN 13.4m, distributed as follows: 

• A1 Bulgaria – BGN 4.7m;
• BTC (Vivacom) – BGN 4.6m; and
• Yettel Bulgaria – BGN 4.1m

There is no information on any long-term spectrum plan or future tender announcements. 

The Communications Regulation Commission adopted rules for 5G networks and other wireless communication for the 2022-2024 period. This policy aims to ensure good conditions for spectrum use, a predictable environment, and maximum societal benefits. 

At present, there are no issues relating to the implementation of 5G projects. There have been no decisions regarding non-compliance with 5G concessions’ obligations. 

In line with European Spectrum Policy, the Communications Regulation Commission will provide regulatory conditions for the use of spectrum for 5G networks, high-capacity wireless networks in high frequency bands, next generation wireless access systems, intelligent transport systems, innovative satellite networks, digital broadcasting of TV and radio programmes, programme marketing and special events (PMSE) networks, short-range radio equipment and conditions for the use of spectrum from existing networks. 

According to the regulator, state-of-the-art technical equipment and updated rules are needed in order to continue developing next-generation broadband technologies (including 5G). 

No 

There are no special rules for granting competitors access to new 5G networks. 

As a result of the EEEC, the Communication Regulation Commission brought in special rules regarding cyber-security and network security. These oblige providers to conduct an initial risk assessment, compile a list of assets that could cause security incidents if exposed to third parties; implement minimum technical and security measures, and conduct a security audit in the event of any incident. 

The law does not explicitly mention the use of Chinese technology. However, Bulgaria signed the US Clean Network initiative, which aims to protect 5G networks from untrusted Chinese tech companies that collect data and spy on private entities and other countries. This approach should minimise the risks associated with untrusted vendors.