Autonomous vehicles law and regulation in Luxembourg

In general, the Luxembourg government is supporting the intelligent mobility sector by implementing a strategy for automated and connected driving. It plans to develop a legal framework to regulate the various aspects of the use of vehicles equipped with automation systems.

An Interministerial Coordination Committee for Automated Driving was set up in autumn 2024 to work on the implementation of a strategy for automated driving, to develop a national action plan for automated driving, to begin the preparatory work necessary for the implementation of a clear and evolving regulatory framework, and to set up test environments/living laboratories in the first quarter of 2025.

At present, there are no general rules governing (i) the specific types of public roads on which autonomous vehicles are permitted, and (ii) their use on private land.

Finally, the Luxembourg Road Code states that vehicles designed according to new techniques or principles which are not regulated or are by their nature incompatible with the provisions of the Road Code, and which are used for technical or scientific tests, may be authorised to be used on public roads provided that they bear a distinctive sign at the front and rear with the inscription 'scientific test'. Their use of is subject to individual authorisation by the Minister.

For the time being, there are no specific regulations regarding liability for damages or insurance for the operation of AVs.

Are there legal grounds authorizing the collection of external data and data from unspecified subjects for system improvement and learning, whether during testing or while in operation?

There is no specific regulatory framework in Luxembourg. However, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) does not apply to anonymous information. Anonymous information is defined as data that does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person. Where personal data is processed, the GDPR applies. Personal data may only be processed if at least one of the legal bases listed in Article 6 of the GDPR is met.

Is there any obligation for AV operators to collect and provide operation data, e.g. telemetrics?

There is no specific regulatory framework in Luxembourg. However, Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data ("Data Act”) includes obligations for AV operators to collect and provide data (including operation data). The Data Act will come into effect on 12 September 2025.

In general, the Luxembourg government is supporting the intelligent mobility sector by implementing a strategy for automated and connected driving. It plans to develop a legal framework to regulate the various aspects of the use of vehicles equipped with automation systems.

In addition, the Luxembourg government is funding the development of an incubator with a capacity of 4,000 people, 2,100 m² of offices and rooms, and 400 m² of workshops/laboratories on 14 hectares for start-ups and companies specialising in innovation. Luxembourg also has a thematic research laboratory dedicated to intelligent mobility at the University of Luxembourg.

In 2024, autonomous shuttles were tested in real conditions on a 2.3 km route. These shuttles, with a capacity of 8 seated passengers, can also accommodate people with reduced mobility. They travel at a speed of 25 km/h and have a range of 120 km. The route is determined by a virtual track using 'Lidar' type sensors on the car body. It is permanently connected to a control centre and a driver with a special professional licence for the carriage of passengers by road on public roads of the Luxembourg is present in the shuttle to intervene in case of emergency.

The development of an autonomous shuttle is also being studied in another city.