Please bear in mind that, notwithstanding the exceptions aforementioned, under Chilean law written signatures are not necessarily required for a valid contract – contracts are generally valid if legally competent parties reach an agreement and both manifest their consent, whether they agree verbally, electronically or by way of paper document.
However, the form this agreement takes places will have different "probatory value", as explained further in this document.
1. Electronic document signed with qualified electronic signature (QES as defined in the eIDAS Regulation) and with a time stamp | Yes |
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2. Electronic document signed with qualified electronic signature (QES as defined in the eIDAS Regulation) without a time stamp | Yes |
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3. Electronic document signed with advanced electronic signature (AdES as defined in the eIDAS Regulation) and with a time stamp | Yes |
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4. Electronic document signed with advanced electronic signature (AdES as defined in the eIDAS Regulation) without a time stamp | Yes |
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5. Electronic document signed with advanced biometric signature | Yes |
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6. Electronic document signed with a simple, standard electronic signature (SES) | Yes |
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7. Scanned electronic version of the original paper-based document with handwritten signature sent as an attachment in ordinary e-mail without an electronic signature, but with standard e-mail signature panel | Yes |
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8. Legal statement sent as a text of an ordinary e-mail without an electronic signature, but with a standard e-mail signature panel | Yes |
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9. Legal statement sent in an SMS | Yes |
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10. Electronic document with a copy-pasted image of a handwritten signature, sent as an attachment of an ordinary e-mail | Yes |
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11. Electronic document with the typed name of the signer and sent as an e-mail attachment | No |
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12. Electronic legal statement sent in a social-media message sending application (e.g. Messenger, Viber, LinkedIn, Facebook message, etc.) | No |
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13. Electronic legal statement sent in a chat application | No |
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14. Electronic document created on an electronic platform ensured by the other party requesting the legal statement (without an electronic signature) by another party whom the operator of the platform granted access | Yes |
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15. Electronic document signed in DocuSign/Adobe Sign with a simple standard electronic signature (no QES or AdES) | Yes |
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16. Electronic document signed with a qualified electronic seal as defined in the eIDAS Regulation | Yes |
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17. Agreements accepted by the other party online, by ticking a checkbox or by clicking on a button ("click on agreements") | Yes |
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7.1 Remarks/Comments to use cases (if yes/no answer is not sufficient):
Under Chilean law, a written signature is not necessarily required for a valid contract – contracts are generally valid if legally competent parties reach an agreement, and both manifest their consent, whether they agree verbally, electronically or by way of paper document.
Although to prove a valid contract, parties sometimes must present evidence in court. Law 19799 confirms that contracts cannot be unenforceable merely because they are concluded electronically.
Also, even though under the principle of functional equivalence an obligation undertaken through electronic means has the same validity and effect as obligation undertaken on paper by a handwritten or holographic signature, depending on the class of that electronic signature it would have different probatory value.
Instruments signed by means of advanced electronic signature are considered "Plena Prueba" (literally “full proof”) - one of the highest probatory values, other than in respect of the date of the document, unless the date was included by means of an electronic dating system provided by a certified service provider.
Also, it is important to consider that the declarations on the document would be considered as “full proof” only on the fact that those declarations were made by the author, but not on the truth of such declarations
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