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COP31

Legal insights on climate action, transition & resilience

06 Nov 2026 International 2 min read

COP31 will bring governments, businesses and wider society together to advance the global climate transition. CMS will be present in Antalya, contributing to the discussions and supporting the collective effort to turn climate ambition into action. As businesses navigate this transition, we are committed to helping our clients understand the changing landscape, manage risks and identify opportunities along the way.

This hub brings together CMS perspectives across four areas central to the COP31 agenda: sustainable finance, investment and markets; energy, infrastructure and the transition; nature, resources and the circular economy; and technology, people and the just transition. They reflect our commitment to supporting the global transition and helping our clients turn ambition into practical action.

Climate risk is, without doubt, a business risk. COP31’s focus on implementation comes at the right time, creating an opportunity to reshape how companies invest, govern and grow.

Döne Yalçın
Managing Partner Türkiye, Partner Austria, Head of the ESG Task Force

1. Sustainable finance, investment and markets

COP31 will put finance, trade and investment at the heart of delivering the transition. Explore CMS insights on sustainable finance, carbon markets and the evolving frameworks shaping investment and business decisions worldwide.

  • EU ETS Reform: Key Business Implications for Türkiye and International Market Participants

    On 17 July 2026, the European Commission published its proposal for a revised EU Emissions Trading System ("EU ETS"), introducing significant changes to the EU's flagship carbon pricing mechanism. The proposal is part of the EU's efforts to align the ETS with its 2040 climate target, while also addressing concerns about industrial competitiveness and the cost of decarbonisation. Businesses operating in or exporting to EU markets should take immediate note of the commercial and compliance implications.

  • Sustainability KPIs in finance transactions

    Sustainability-linked financings are an integral part of today’s financing landscape. There is a wealth of data and information available, particularly on the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of sustainability-linked financings, but it is scattered.

    In this guide we have compiled, analysed and commented on all aspects of sustainability-linked financings to give you access to everything you need to know.

    Sustainable life

2. Energy, infrastructure and the transition

Energy, transport, industry and resilient infrastructure are central to the COP31 agenda. Explore CMS insights on the energy transition, from electricity grids and offtake arrangements to investment, renewables, storage and resilience.

  • Decarbonisation of Industry

    Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector remains a key component of European and German climate policy – the goal of achieving climate neutrality in the EU by 2050 and in Germany by 2045 remains unchanged. Industry will have to play its part in reducing CO2 emissions. Shifts in the political balance of power and changing governments are contributing to the mishmash of legal texts in this area becoming ever greater and their application becoming increasingly complex.

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  • Grid unlocked: the reforms reshaping electricity infrastructure

    On 21 April 2026, the Government published its response to the Electricity Network Infrastructure: Consents, Land Access and Rights consultation, confirming an ambitious package of reforms designed to support the rapid expansion of the electricity grid needed to meet the Government’s Clean Power 2030 and Net Zero 2050 targets. These are important changes, although they do not go as far as industry had been recommending. 

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  • Energy in transition: renewables, storage & resilience – the next wave in CEE

    Central and Eastern Europe is at an energy crossroads. To meet the EU Renewable Energy Directive’s binding target for 2030 – a 42.5% share of renewables in energy consumption – CEE needs a strong, sustained green energy drive. As the region gradually relinquishes its high fossil fuel dependence in favour of renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, the emergence of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) looks set to supplement the growing need for energy storage.

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  • CMS European Class Action Report 2026

    Analysing data from class action proceedings across Europe from the past six years, the report maps a true picture of class action risk for international businesses.

    Now in its sixth year, the CMS European Class Action Report has charted the growth of class actions from a niche area to a significant strategic risk for corporates operating in Europe.

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3. Nature, resources and the circular economy

Nature, food systems and the way we use resources all form part of the COP31 conversation. Explore CMS insights on biodiversity, nature finance, the circular economy and the regulatory developments driving more sustainable use of natural resources.

  • EU Circular Economy Act: Consultation and call for evidence

    On 1 August 2025, the European Commission (EC) launched a consultation and call for evidence[1] on its forthcoming proposal for a Circular Economy Act (CEA), a flagship legislative initiative designed to accelerate the EU’s transition to a more circular, sustainable and resilient economy. The CEA aims to address persistent barriers to circularity, foster more sustainable production and business models and support the EU’s decarbonisation objectives.

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  • Ireland consults on new Circular Economy Strategy and WEEE and Batteries EPR schemes review

    The Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment (DCEE) has recently launched two consultations that will shape Ireland’s approach to the circular economy and producer responsibility in the years ahead. The first sets out a new draft Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy 2026–2028, while the second reviews the operation of Ireland’s WEEE and Batteries extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes .

    An almost perfect circular lake shot straight down from the air resembles the earth surrounded by a pine forest
  • Biodiversity Net Gain: mandatory BNG for NSIPs confirmed as government unveils significant reforms

    On 15 April 2026, the Government confirmed that biodiversity net gain (“BNG”) will become mandatory for all nationally significant infrastructure projects (“NSIPs”) from 2 November 2026, opting not to introduce sector-specific exemptions or voluntary approaches. The confirmation came as part of the Government's response to its 2025 consultation on BNG for NSIPs, published alongside a response to a parallel consultation on minor, medium and brownfield development and the launch of a new consultation on a potential targeted exemption for residential brownfield sites. 

  • Nature credits as a strategic instrument for a nature‑positive transformation

    In July 2025, the European Commission presented a roadmap for the development of so‑called nature credits. It provides a policy framework designed to strengthen private‑sector engagement in nature‑positive activities within the European Union.

    Beautiful Flock of Starlings During Murmurations in the Netherlands

4. Technology, people and the just transition

Technology and people will be critical to making the transition work in practice. As COP31 considers innovation, AI, skills and human and social development, explore CMS insights into the legal and regulatory changes shaping a more inclusive, technology-enabled transition.

  • International Social and Human Rights

    Our multi-disciplinary team can advise clients on managing these critical stakeholder relationships in a socially responsible way, to enhance their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance.

    With specialist lawyers from around the world, we combine local legal knowledge with an international perspective to advise on a wide range of social issues.

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides a whole range of new opportunities but also includes new and unique risks for companies, governments and individuals within society. These opportunities and legal risks involve ethical, legal and regulatory challenges.

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  • AI Navigator

    From foundational infrastructure to advanced applications, developing, deploying or using artificial intelligence gives rise to different challenges that businesses should understand when making any strategic AI investment. 

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  • AI Regulation Scanner

    Covering over 40 jurisdictions across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Latin America, this scanner provides a clear, concise snapshot of the rapidly evolving global and regional AI regulatory landscape.

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  • The European Health Data Space: are your collaboration agreements future-proof?

    The European Union has laid the foundations for a new system for health data. After years of political wrangling, the European Health Data Space (“EHDS”) Regulation has now entered into force. This creates a framework to improve access to electronic health data and facilitate its use for research, innovation and regulatory purposes across the EU. 

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  • EU AI Act Developments: Key Political Agreement on the Digital Omnibus on AI, Implementation Timeline and Transparency Consultation

    On 8 May 2026, the EU Commission opened its consultation on the draft guidelines on AI transparency obligations under Article 50 of the AI Act, providing practical guidance to help authorities, providers, and deployers of AI systems to comply with their relevant obligations in a consistent, effective, and uniform way. The consultation period will run until 3 June 2026. Parliament is expected to vote on the final text by 7 July 2026.

  • The Cyber Continuum: Ready, Resilient, Recovered

    The cyber threat landscape is intensifying rapidly. Incidents are rising sharply in frequency and severity across the globe, the average cost of a single breach now stands at USD 4.44m, and AI is making attacks more sophisticated and harder to detect.

    Yet many businesses are not as prepared as they think. Our new report, Cyber Continuum: Ready, Resilient, Recovered, surveyed 400 business leaders across Europe, Asia Pacific and the Middle East and found a striking disconnect between confidence and practical readiness.

Resources on ESG and energy transition

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